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direct payments
The Direct Payments scheme is a UK Government initiative in the field of Social Services that gives users money directly to pay for their own care, rather than the traditional route of a Local Government Authority providing care for them. The Cabinet Office Strategy Unit calls direct payments "the most successful public policy in the area of social care".〔(CabinetOffice.gov.uk pdf )〕
Direct Payments are seen as making an important contribution to the independence, well being and quality of life of people with disabilities. When introduced, they were seen as a victory for the rights of disabled people.〔Pearson, C. (ed) (2006) ''Direct Payments and Personalisation of Care'', Edinburgh, Dunedin Academic Press, ISBN 1-903765-62-5〕
==Development==
Direct Payments were set up with the Community Care (Direct Payments) Act (1996)〔(Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996 (c. 30) )〕 which came into force in April 1997 and was initially available only to a specific subsection of people qualifying for social care. The Act gave local authorities in Britain and Northern Ireland, the powers to make cash payments to disabled people. Initially, this was confined to people under age 65 years with physical and sensory impairments, learning difficulties and mental health problems. It was later amended to include older people, 16- and 17-year-olds, parents of disabled children and in England, Wales and Northern Ireland only, carers caregivers. This gave local authorities and health and social services trusts, the option of whether to allocate direct payments or maintain existing models of service provision. This led to an uneven development of direct payments across the UK with particularly poor uptake in Scotland.〔
The Carers and Disabled Children Act (2000)〔(Carers And Disabled Children Act 2000 )〕 allowed parents of disabled children in England and Wales to receive direct payments, and 16 and 17 year olds to receive them in their own right. Changes set out in the Health and Social Care Act (2001) 〔(Health and Social Care Act 2001 (c. 15) )〕 which came into effect in 2003, sought to challenge this pattern by setting in place a mandatory duty on all local authorities to offer direct payments to all eligible people requesting one.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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